Achlasia Cardia: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

What is Achlasia Cardia?

Achlasia cardia is a rare condition that affects the food pipe, also called the esophagus. In this condition, the muscles in the lower part of the esophagus do not relax as they should. Because of this, food and liquids have trouble moving from the mouth to the stomach. As a result, swallowing becomes difficult. Achlasia cardia can affect people of any age, but it is more common in adults. Early diagnosis and treatment can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life.

Symptoms of Achlasia Cardia

Many people with achlasia cardia notice symptoms slowly over time. However, these symptoms can get worse if left untreated. Common achlasia cardia symptoms include:

Difficulty swallowing food or liquids

Feeling like food is stuck in the chest

Chest pain, especially after eating

Regurgitation of undigested food

Unintentional weight loss

Coughing or choking, especially at night

Heartburn or a burning feeling in the chest

Sometimes, symptoms may seem mild at first. But over time, they can become more severe. If you notice these signs, it is important to seek medical advice.

Causes and Risk Factors

Doctors do not know the exact cause of achlasia cardia. However, research suggests that it may happen when the nerves in the esophagus are damaged. Because these nerves control muscle movement, damage can stop the lower esophageal sphincter from relaxing. This makes swallowing hard. Some possible risk factors include:

Family history of achlasia cardia

Certain viral infections

Autoimmune conditions, where the body attacks its own nerves

Even though these factors may increase risk, most people with achlasia cardia do not have a clear cause. Therefore, anyone can develop this condition.

Diagnosis Methods

Doctors use several tests to find out if someone has achlasia cardia. If you have trouble swallowing, your doctor may recommend these steps:

Barium swallow test: You drink a liquid that shows up on X-rays. This helps doctors see how food moves through your esophagus.

Esophageal manometry: This test measures the muscle pressure in your esophagus. It is the most accurate way to diagnose achlasia cardia.

Upper endoscopy: A thin tube with a camera checks for blockages or other problems in the esophagus.

Because early diagnosis can prevent complications, it is important to see a doctor if you have symptoms. Many people search for “how is Achlasia cardia diagnosed” to learn more about these tests.

Treatment Options

Treatment for achlasia cardia aims to make swallowing easier and improve quality of life. Your doctor will suggest the best option based on your age, health, and symptoms. Common achlasia cardia treatment options include:

Medications: Some medicines relax the esophagus muscles. However, they may only help for a short time.

Pneumatic dilation: A balloon is placed in the esophagus and inflated to stretch the muscle.

Botox injections: Botox can relax the tight muscle, but the effect is temporary.

Surgery (Heller myotomy): Surgeons cut the tight muscle to help food pass more easily.

Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM): This is a newer, less invasive procedure to cut the muscle using an endoscope.

Because each person is different, your doctor will help you choose the right treatment. Sometimes, more than one treatment may be needed.

Lifestyle Tips and Prevention

While there is no sure way to prevent achlasia cardia, some lifestyle tips can help manage symptoms:

Eat smaller, more frequent meals

Chew food slowly and thoroughly

Drink water with meals to help food move down

Avoid eating late at night

Raise the head of your bed to prevent nighttime symptoms

Although these tips can help, they do not cure the condition. Therefore, regular check-ups are important to monitor your health.

When to See a Doctor

If you have trouble swallowing, chest pain, or unexplained weight loss, it’s important to see Dr. Shailesh soon. Early treatment can help prevent serious complications like malnutrition or lung infections. Even if your symptoms seem mild, it’s always better to get checked. Remember, only a doctor can diagnose and treat achalasia cardia properly.

If you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms of achalasia cardia, consult Dr. Shailesh for personalized guidance and car.